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Definitions

Bottom trawling

The term ‘bottom trawling’ or ‘dragging’ can be used to describe either a gear type or the practice of towing or dragging a trawl net, pelagic or otherwise, in continuous or occasional contact with the bottom of the sea. Bottom trawling is intended to catch fish and other target species found near the ocean floor but can also trap everything moveable and breakable in its path, including sponges, corals and countless other non-target species. The biggest nets have been described as being as wide as the length of a rugby field. The nets are usually weighted with heavy metal rollers, which cause them to damage and destroy everything in their path as they indiscriminately swallow vast quantities of life. 

Bottom trawling can do irreversible damage not only to benthic ecosystems and habitats located along parts of continental shelves and associated deep canyons, seamounts and ocean ridge systems, but also to populations of fish species. It has been described by conservationists as “one of the world’s most destructive fishing practices”.

Benthic

Anything relating to the sea floor, including organisms living in or on the seafloor.

Pelagic

Pertaining to or found in the open sea, or near the surface of the sea.

Active gears

Also known as towed gears, are typified by trawls. A bottom trawl is a method of fishing in which a large bag-shaped net is dragged behind the vessel. The mouth of the net is kept open by various methods such as a wooden beam (beam trawl) or a large flat board (otter trawl).

Beam trawls


Designed to catch flatfish species that may be buried, usually in sand ground. Trawls are also used in midwater for pelagic species like mackerel and herring. Active gears also include dredges which are used to collect bivalve shellfish like scallops and mussels that are on, or partially buried in, the seabed.

High Seas

Open waters of an ocean or sea, beyond the territorial jurisdiction of a country.